Temple official (chorpen) carries sacrificial butter cake (torma) to Buddhist (Mahayana, Ningmapa) Village temple for the annual rite of Dumje. Khumjung. Solukhumbu. Sagarmatha.

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Sherpa

Religion and Ritual: Ritual Accessories

Nepal

Archive Record|Table of contents

Papers of Professor Christoph von Fürer-HaimendorfPP MS 19

Papers relating to Fürer-Haimendorf's anthropological fieldwork in IndiaPP MS 19/01

Papers relating to Fürer-Haimendorf's involvement with tribal welfare and development, Andhra PradeshPP MS 19/02

Working papers for teaching and researchPP MS 19/03

Publications and accompanying materialPP MS 19/04

Miscellaneous papersPP MS 19/05

NegativesPP MS 19/06

FilmsPP MS 19/07

SlidesPP MS 19/08

CommunitiesPP MS 19/08/01

Apa TaniPP MS 19/08/01/APA

ArabsPP MS 19/08/01/ARAB

BanjaraPP MS 19/08/01/BANJ

BaragaonliPP MS 19/08/01/BARA

BestaPP MS 19/08/01/BEST

BhotiaPP MS 19/08/01/BHOT

BondoPP MS 19/08/01/BOND

ChenchuPP MS 19/08/01/CHEN

ChetriPP MS 19/08/01/CHET

DaflaPP MS 19/08/01/DAF

GadabaPP MS 19/08/01/GADA

GollaPP MS 19/08/01/GOLL

GurungPP MS 19/08/01/GURU

Hill MiriPP MS 19/08/01/HILMA

Hill ReddiPP MS 19/08/01/HILRE

KolamPP MS 19/08/01/KOLA

Konyak NagaPP MS 19/08/01/KONY

KurdsPP MS 19/08/01/KURD

LobaPP MS 19/08/01/LOBA

MathuraPP MS 19/08/01/MATH

MiscellaneousPP MS 19/08/01/MISC

Angami NagaPP MS 19/08/01/NAGA

NewarPP MS 19/08/01/NEWA

PanchgaonliPP MS 19/08/01/PANCH

RaiPP MS 19/08/01/RAI

Raj GondPP MS 19/08/01/RAJG

SherpaPP MS 19/08/01/SHER

Woman, wife of headman (pembu). Khumjung. Solu-khumbu. Sagarmatha. . The Sherpas of Nepal: Buddhist Highlanders. London. John Murray. 1964.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/115

Man, re-incarnate lama, abbot of Mahayana (Ningmapa) Buddhist monastery. Tengboche. Solukhumbu. Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/116

Man wearing woollen robe, silk shirt and fur-lined hat of embroidered felt; his ornaments include a necklace of coral, turquoise and zhi beads. Jungbesi. Solu-Khumbu. Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/174

Woman, ex-nun, wearing woollen robe and blouse, and fur-lined hat of embroidered felt; her ornaments include a necklace of coral, turquoise and zhi beads. Pangboche. Solu-Khumbu. Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/175

Two women in festive dress; they wear woollen robes, silk blouses and multi-coloured strip aprons; their ornaments include gold head-bands, gold necklets and necklaces of coral, turquoise and amber beads. Khumjung. Solu-Khumbu. Sagarmatha. C. von Fürer-HaPP MS 19/08/01/SHER/176

Man, ex-monk, wearing woollen robe and waistcoat, silk shirt and monk's hat. Pangboche. Solu-Khumbu. Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/177

Two women in festive attire: they wear woollen robes, silk blouses and aashes; their ornaments include necklace of coral, turquoise and zhi beads, gold ear studs and head-band. Khumjung. Solu-Khumbu. Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/178

Young woman in every-day dress; she wears woollen robe and blouse, woollen back and front aprons, cotton sash and woollen knitted cap. Khumjung. Solu-Khumbu. Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/179

Two Men festive attire; they wear fur-lined silk brocade robes, silk shirts and sashes, fur-lined hats made of embroidered felt and necklaces of coral, turquoise and amber beads. Khumjung. Solu-Khumbu. Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/180

Woman, wife of head-man (pembu) in festive attire; she wears woollen robe, silk blouse, brocade sash and silk-stripe apron; her ornaments include gold necklet, head-band and ear-studs, and necklace of coral, amber and turquoise beads. Khumjung. Solu-KhumbPP MS 19/08/01/SHER/181

Section of permanent village, showing fields, paths and dwelling houses built of stone and roofed with wooden planks. Khumjung. Solu-Khumbu. Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/182

Section of main village, showing stone-built dwelling houses roofed with wooden-plants. Khumjung. Solu-Khumbu. Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/183

Section of main village showing stone-built dwelling houses roofed with wooden planks and red-painted Buddhist village temple (gompa). Khumjung. Solu-Khumbu. Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/184

Stone-built dwelling house with wooden planks roof and private Buddhist chapel; Mount Amadablam in background. Khumjung. Solu-Khumbu. Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/185

View of village and home fields situated on sliding ledge above Dudh Kosi River. Phortse. Solu Khumbu. Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/186

Woman in festive attire attend the marriage celebrations in the groom's village; they wear silk robes, blouses and aprons, embroidered boots and fur-lined hats; their ornaments include gold head band necklets and ear-studs, silver charm amulets and necklaPP MS 19/08/01/SHER/187

Senior male relative of bride rides behind dowry (in basket) when it is brought to groom's house for the marriage celebrations Khumjung. Solu-Khumbu. Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/188

Women of the groom's house welcome the bride's male relatives with millet beer on their arrival for the marriage celebrations. Khumjung. Solu-Khumbu. Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/189

Women of the groom's house welcome the bride's male relatives with millet beer on their arrival for the marriage celebrations. Khumjung. Solu-Khumbu. Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/190

Wedding guests are entertained with food, drink and dancing during the wedding celebrations; the meal, provided by the groom's family, is served on low, wooden, collapsible tables. Khumjung. Solu-Khumbu. Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/191

Bride's female relative dancing during the marriage celebrations in the groom's houses. Khumjung. Solu-Khumbu. Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/192

Groom's sponsor addressing guests at the celebration of a polyandrous union. Namche Bazaar. Solu-Khumbu. Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/193

Men, women and children attending a memorial rite (gieva), sit in line to receive the ritual gifts of food, drink and cash made by the deceased's house in his name. Khumjung. Solu-Khumbu. Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/194

Men, women and children attending a memorial rite (Gieva) sit in line to receive the ritual gifts of food, drink and cash made by the deceased's relatives. Khumjung. Solu-Khumbu. Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/195

Men, women and children attending a memorial rite (gieva) sit in line to receive the ritual gifts of food, drink and cash distributed in the name of the deceased. Khumjung. Solu-Khumbu. Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/196

Woman serving rice beer, that she has provided as an act of merit, to the congregation attending the Mane Rimdu rites at a Buddhist (Mahayana, Ningmapa) monastery templeThami. Solu-Khumbu. Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/197

Man ploughing with human traction; woman, following, sows millet seed. Khumjung. Solu-Khumbu. Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/198

Man ploughing with oxen; woman, following, sows millet seed. Khumjung. Solu-Khumbu. Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/199

Women digging up potatoes at harvest. Khumjung. Solu-Khumbu. Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/200

Men and Women harvesting buck-wheat. Khumjung. Solu-Khumbu. Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/201

Women using wooden batons to thresh buck-wheat. Khumjung. Solu-Khumbu. Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/202

Sheaves of reaped barley (irrigated) are laid out to sun-dry before being stacked. Dingboche. Solu-Khumbu. Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/203

Man carrying load of barley sheaves for stacking. Dingboche. Solu-Khumbu. Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/204

Field-owner prepares mid-day meal for harvesters. Khumjung. Solu-Khumbu. Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/205

Boys and girls dancing in reaped field at the conclusion of the harvest. Khumjung. Solu-Khumbu. Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/206

Monks harvesting barley on monastery-owned land. Dingboche. Solu-Khumbu. Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/207

Women and girls reaping buckwheat. Khumjung. Solu-Khumbu. Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/208

Women reaping barley (irrigated). Dingboche. Solu-Khumbu. Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/209

Yak grazing on common land on the outskirts of a village. Khumjung. Solu-Khumbu. Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/210

Yak grazing on stubble of reaped buckwheat fields. Khumjung. Solu-Khumbu. Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/211

Yak grazing on cultivated meadowland in the vicinity of a summer settlement. Laperma. Solu-Khumbu. Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/212

Woman milking yak-cow crossbreed. Khumjung. Solu-Khumbu. Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/213

Yak owner dedicates one of his herd to the mountain (clan) deity khumbi-yula. Khumjung. Solu-Khumbu. Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/214

Yak grazing on steep slope above summer settlement. Macherma. Solu-Khumbu. Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/215

Yak grazing on rocky slopes close to snow line. Gokyo. Solu-Khumbu. Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/216

Yak grazing on grassy slopes above summer settlement. Laperma. Solu-Khumbu. Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/217

Yak grazing on stony slopes above summer settlement. Gokyo. Solu-Khumbu. Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/218

Man loading yak with provisions and household goods for use on annual migration to summer settlements. Khumjung. Solu-Khumbu. Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/219

Two men, seated at low table outside dwelling house, drink millet beer from porcelain bowls. Khumjung. Solu-Khumbu. Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/220

Etiquette. Ceremonial greeting between social equals: a senior Buddhist monk and a village elder touch foreheads. Pangboche. Solu-Khumbu. Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/221

Stone carver, employed by one desirous of gaining in merit and social prestige, uses hammer and chisel to cut sacred Buddhist texts in rock face. Khumjung. Solu-Khumbu. Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/222

Engraving of sacred Buddhist texts on rock face, which were commissioned by one desirous of gaining in merit and social prestige. Khumjung. Solu-Khumbu. Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/223

Householders attending annual village council at which office bearers are elected and areas the season's grazing are determined. Khumjung. Solu-Khumbu. Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/224

Headmen (pembu) presiding over written register at annual council of village householders. Khumjung. Solu-Khumbu. Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/225

Procession of Buddhist (Mahayana, Ningmapa) monks and villagers circumambulate the village boundaries during the rite of Osho, held annually in Spring to protect the community from the forces of evil. Khumjung/Kunde. Solu-Khumbu. Sagarmatha. C. von Fürer-PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/226

Procession of Buddhist (Mahayana, Ningmapa) monks and villagers circumambulate the village boundaries during the rite of Osho, Which is held annually in Spring to protect the community from the forces of evil. Khumjung/Kunde. Solu-Khumbu. Sagarmatha. C. VPP MS 19/08/01/SHER/227

Procession of Buddhist (Mahayana, Ningmapa) monks and villagers circumambulate the Village boundaries during the rite of Osho, Which is held annually in Spring to protect the community from the forces of evil. Khumjung/Kunde. Solu-Khumbu. Sagarmatha. C. vPP MS 19/08/01/SHER/228

Monk (Buddhist, Mahayana, Ningmapa) reciting sacred text at one of the four corners of the village during the rite of Osho, Which is held annually in Spring to protect the community from the forces of evil. Khumjung/Kunde. Solu-khumbu. Sagarmatha. C. vonPP MS 19/08/01/SHER/229

Monks (Buddhist, Mahayana, Ningmapa) performing the rites of Osho, Which is held annually in Spring to protect the community from the forces of evil. Thami. Solu-khumbu. Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/230

Buddhist monk (Mahayana, Nigmapa) reciting sacred texts during annual clan rite held at a summer settlement. Macherma. Solu-khumbu. Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/231

Clan members offer prayers during annual rite held at a summer settlement. Macherma. Solu-khumbu. Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/232

Men and women entering Buddhist (Mahayana, Ningmapa) village temple (gompa) to attend the Ningne rites. Khumjung. Solukhumbu. Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/233

Buddhist (Mahayana, Ningmapa) monk fashions coloured butter into scarified cake (torma) for use at the annual rite of Dumje. Khumjung. Solu -khumbu. Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/234

Temple official (chorpen) carries sacrificial butter cake (torma) to Buddhist (Mahayana, Ningmapa) Village temple for the annual rite of Dumje. Khumjung. Solukhumbu. Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/235

Sacrificial cakes (torma) set up on altar of Buddhist (Mahayana, Ningmapa) village temple during annual rite of Dumje. Khumjung. Solu-khumbu. Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/236

Buddhist (Mahayana, Ningmapa) monk painting ritual designs in coloured sand on courtyard floor of village temple during a pro-pitiary rite. Namche Bazaar. Solukhumbu. Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/237

Abbot and monks of Buddhist (Mahayana, Ningmapa) monastery preside at the rites of Mane-rimdu, a dance drama performed annually in the temple courtyard. Thami. Solu-khumbu. Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/238

Abbot (on throne) and monks of Buddhist (Mahayana,Ningamapa) monastery sit in line on raised stone side walk to preside over the rites of Mani-rimdu, the mystic dance drama performed annually in the temple courtyard. Thami. Solu-khumbu. Sagarmatha. C. vonPP MS 19/08/01/SHER/239

Prayer flag and temporary altar, with requisite ritual accessories, erected in centre of Buddhist (Mahayana, Ningmapa) temple courtyard for the rites of Mani-rimdu; three monks in ceremonial dress play cymbals during the first-day rite, Tshedbang. Thami.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/240

Monk in ceremonial dress dances during the first-day rite, Tshedbang, of the Mani-rimdu, a mystic dance drama performed annually in the Buddhist (Mahayana, Ningmapa) temple courtyard. Thami. Solu-khumbu. Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/241

Two monks dressed as two of the four Guardian Kings of the four quarters dance the Ging-pa, the second dance of the mystic dance drama performed annually at the Buddhist (Mahayana, Ningmapa) monastery Thami. SoluPP MS 19/08/01/SHER/242

Monk, dressed as one of the Gser-skyems, dances during the second dance of the mystic dance drama performed annually at the Buddhist (Mahayana, Ningmapa) monastery. Thami. Solu-khumbu. Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/243

Monk, dressed as Rdo-rje Gro-lod, dances the third act of the Manirimdu mystic dance drama, performed annually at the Buddhist (Mahayana, Ningmapa) monastery temple. Thami. Solu-khumbu. Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/244

Monk, dressed as Rdo-rje Gro-lod, dances the third act of the Manirimdu mystic dance drama, performed annually at the Buddhist (Mahayana, Ningmapa) monastery temple. Thami. Solu-khumbu. Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/245

Painted image of Padmasambhava in the Buddhist (Mahayana, Ningmapa) village temple. Khumjung. Solu-khumbu. Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/246

Buddhist (Mahayana, Ningmapa) monastery complex, comprising temple and dwelling houses of monks and abbot, situated on high ground above Dudh kosi River. Thami. Solu-khumbu. Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/247

Buddhist (Mahayana, Ningmapa) monastery complex, comprising temple and dwelling houses of monks and abbot, situated on high ground above Bote Kosi River. Tengboche. Solu-khumbu. Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/248

Buddhist (Mahayana, Ningmapa) monastery complex, comprising temple and dwelling houses of monks and abbot, situated on high ground above Dudh Kosi River. Tengboche, Solu-khumbu. Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/249

Entrance to Buddhist (Mahayana, Ningmapa) monastery temple. Tengboche. Solu-khumbu. Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/250

Interior of Buddhist (Mahayana, Ningmapa) monastery library, situated on first floor of temple; the walls are lined with book-niches, and all woodwork is decorated with painted ornamentTengboche. Solu-khumbu. Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/251

Techniques: Painting. Interior wall of Buddhist (Mahayana, Ningmapa) monastery library; painted images of the deceased abbots of monastery are contained in niches; all wood-work is decorated with painted ornament. Tengboche. Solu-khumbu. Sagarmatha. C. voPP MS 19/08/01/SHER/252

Interior of Buddhist (Mahayana, Ningmapa) monastery library with walls painted with frescoes of Padmasambhava etc.; all wood-work is decorated with painted ornament. Tengboche. Solu-khumbu. Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/253

Ceiling fresco in porch of Buddhist (Mahayana, Ningmapa) temple attached to monastery. Tengboche, Solu-khumbu. Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/254

Ceiling painting of the wheel of life in the entrance hall of monastery temple (Buddhist, Mahayana, Ningmapa). Tengboche, Solu-khumbu. Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/255

Wall painting on an interior wall of a private Buddhist (Mahayana, Ningmapa) chapel. Khumjung. Solu-khumbu. Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/256

Image of Opame in the Buddhist (Mahayana, Ningmapa) village temple. Khumjung. Solu-khumbu. Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/257

Prayer flags standing in the courtyard of the Buddhist (Mahayana, Ningmapa) village temple. Malenchegaon. Sindhu. Bagmati.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/258

Buddhist (Mahayana, Ningmapa) Nun with prayer wheel. Khumjung. Solu-khumbu. Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/259

Man, Buddhist (Mahayana, Ningmapa) monk. Tengboche. Solu-khumbu. Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/260

Group of old and young Buddhist (Mahayana, Ningmapa) monks in the courtyard of the monastery temple. Tengboche. Solu-khumbu. Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/261

Religion and Ritual: Ritual Specialists. Man, Buddhist (Mahayana, Ningmapa) monk. Tengboche. Solu-khumbu. Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/262

Group of monks seated on flat roof of entrance porch to Buddhist (Mahayana, Ningmapa) monastery. Thami. Solu-khumbu. Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/263

Settlements and Dwellings Interior of Buddhist (Mahayana, Ningmapa) monk's dwelling, showing simple wooden furniture and large prayer wheel. Tengboche. Solu-khumbu. Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/264

The re-incarnate Abbot of Buddhist (Mahayana, Ningmapa) monastery seated before low painted table reads a book which is bound in velvet. Tengboche. Solu-khumbu. Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/265

Re-incarnate Abbot of Buddhist (Mahayana, Ningmapa) monastery. Tengboche. Solu-khumbu. Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/266

Retired Buddhist (Mahayana, Ningmapa) official (loben) meditates in his mountain hermitage. Dingboche. Solu-khumbu. Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/267

Painted Scroll (thankar), utilized in ritual, and depicting the goddess Tara. Khumjung. Solu-khumbu. Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/268

Stone-built commemorative stupa (chorten) standing on a major thoroughfare. Jungbesi. Solu-khumbu. Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/269

Stone-built commemorative stupa (chorten) standing on high ground above valley. Dingboche. Solu-khumbu. Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/270

Stone wall with inset stone tablets, bearing engravings of sacred Buddhist texts; erected by one desirous of gaining in merit and social prestige on the path linking village and monastery. Pangboche/Tengboche. Solu-khumbu. Sagarmatha. C. von Fürer-HaimendPP MS 19/08/01/SHER/271

Interior of dwelling house with family members sitting in customary places. Khumjung. Solu-khumbu. Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/272

Woman weaving striped cotton garters on Indonesian type loom. Khumjung. Solu-khumbu. Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/273

Close up of weaving technique: Indonesian type loom carrying striped cotton garters in the process of manufacture. Khumjung. Solu-khumbu. Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/274

Women carding cotton yarn for use in weaving cloth. Khumjung. Solu-khumbu. Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/275

Woman weaving yak-hair cloth on Indonesian type loom; several strips, joined together, are used as blankets. Khumjung. Solu-khumbu. Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/276

Woman weaving striped, silk cloth (to be used for women's apron) on a peddle loom. Kunde. Solu-khumbu. Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/277

Woman spinning yarn from yak's hair. Khumjung. Solu-khumbu. Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/278

Woman slicing and drying turnips for storage. Khumjung. Solu-khumbu. Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/279

Man making Tibetan-style boots; he uses yak-hide for soles and woollen cloth for uppers. Khumjung. Solu-khumbu. Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/280

Rhododendron forest. Above Jungbesi. Solu-khumbu. Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/281

Forest clearing utilized as summer pasturage for horses. Jungbesi. Solu-khumbu. Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/282

Load carriers crossing wooden-plank bridge over Bhote Kosi River. Thami. Solu-khumbu. Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/283

View of Nangpa La pass and the valley of the Bhote Kosi River, a major trade route between Nepal and Tibet; Stone-built staging camps are situated on rising grounds on both sides of the river. Solu-khumbu. Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/284

View, northwards, of Bhote Kosivalley with fields enclosed by stone walls on lower slopes. Thami. Solu-khumbu. Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/285

View, northwards, of mountains on the Nepal-Tibet border and the path running over the Nangpa La pass, which constitutes a major trade route. Bhote Kosi. Solu-khumbu. Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/286

View, northwards, of Dudh Kosi valley, with path linking Phalak Region and Namche Bazaar. Lukla. Solu-khumbu. Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/287

View of rocky slopes at the foot of Mount Everest showing type of scrub-growth and coarse grass which provides summer grazing for yak. Dingboche. Solu-khumbu. Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/288

Section of village, showing dwelling houses and walled-in fields of standing buckwheat; Mount Anadablam in the background. Khumjung. Solu-khumbu. Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/289

View, northwards of the upper Dudh Kosi valley; stone-built settlements with cultivated, walled-in meadows are situated on level ledges close to areas of summer grazing. Macherma/Laperma etc. Solu-khumbu. Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/290

View, north wards, of upper Dudh Kosi valley; primulas grow on a type of grassland which provides summer grazing for yak. Laperma. Solu-khumbu. Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/291

View, northwards, of upper Dudh Kosi valley; scrub and azalaes grow on scree-covered mountain slopes and provide sparse summer grazing for yak; Mount Cho Oyu in the background. Gokyo. Solu-khumbu. Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/292

View of morain and glacial lake in the upper Dudh Kosi valley; summer settlement comprising stone built dwelling houses and cultivated, walled-in meadowlands at the lake-shore lie close to summer grazing grounds. Gokyo. Solu-khumbu. Sagarmatha. C. von FürPP MS 19/08/01/SHER/293

View, northwards, of upper Dudh Kosi valley; summer settlement comprising stone-built dwelling houses and cultivated, walled-in meadowlands situated on ledge above river, close to grazing grounds of yak. Macherma. Solu-khumbu. Sagarmatha. C. von Fürer-HaiPP MS 19/08/01/SHER/294

View, northwards of Dudh Kosi valley; yak grazing in river bed. Laperma. Solu-khumbu. Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/295

Stone-built dwelling house, private chapel and prayer flag. Phaplu. Solu-khumbu. Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/296

Men entering Buddhist (Mahayana, Ningmapa) village temple for the annual Ninge rites. Khumjung. Solu-khumbu. Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/297

View, northwards, of the upper Dudh Kosi valley; summer settlement comprising stone-built dwelling houses and cultivated, walled-in meadowlands situated close to yaks' summer grazing grounds; yellow primulas grow in damp ground. Laperma. Solu-khumbu. SagaPP MS 19/08/01/SHER/298

Wooded slope above Dudh Kosi valley, with pilgrims climbing path to monastery. Tengboche. Solu-khumbu. Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/299

Wall painting of kings of four quarters in porch of Buddhist (Mahayana, Ningmapa) monastery. Tengboche. Solu-khumbu. Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/301

Mauve primulae growing on grazing ground. Jungbesi. Solu-khumbu. Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/302

Rhododendrons in flower. Jungbesi. Solu-khumbu. Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/303

Blue poppies growing in the upper Dudh Kosi valley. Gokyo. Solu-khumbu. Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/304

Blue poppies growing in the upper Dudh Kosi valley. Gokyo. Solu-khumbu. Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/305

Rhodendrons in flower. Jungbesi. Solu-khumbu. Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/306

Rhodendrons in flower. Jungbesi. Solu-khumbu. Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/307

View, northwards, of the upper Dudh Kosi valley; summer settlement comprising stone-built dwelling houses and cultivated, walled in meadowlands situated on ledge above river; azalaes growing on hill slopes which provide summer grazing for yak. Laperma. SoPP MS 19/08/01/SHER/308

Rhododendrons in flower. Thami-Namche Bazaar path. Solu-khumbu. Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/309

Rhododendrons in flower. Jungbesi. Solu-khumbu. Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/310

Rhododendrons in flower. Solu-khumbu. Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/311

Rhododendrons in flower. Solu-khumbu. Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/312

View, northwards, to Cho Oyu; terraced fields in valley bottom. Dingboche. Solu-khumbu. Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/313

Yak grazing in walled-in meadow at summer settlement. Laperma. Solu-khumbu Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/1016

Techniques: Agriculture. View of Dudh Kosi valley; village settlement and terraced fields situated on gently sloping land high above the river. Lukla, Solukhumbu, Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/1017

Shrine of mountain god; stone cairn standing on mountain pass with clothflag votive offerings. Kunde, Solu-khumbu, Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/1018

Man, woman and children in festive attire: woollen robes, silk blouses and tibetan-style boots; man and boy wear embroidered fur-lined hats; women wear silk aprons, gold head-dresses and necklacets, and coral and turquoise necklaces. Khumjung, Solukhumbu,PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/1019

View of Dudh Kosi valley below Namche Bazaar. (Pharak). Solu-khumbu, Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/1020

Techniques: Dress and Ornament. Re-incarnate abbot of Ningmapa Buddhist monastery; he wears red woollen robe, silk blouse and Naring type hat. Tengboche, Solu-khumbu, Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/1021

View, northwards, of upper Dudh Kosi valley; cultivated meadow land situated close to summer settlements provides hay for winter feeding of yak. Laperma, Solu-khumbu, Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/1022

Azaleas in bloom on hill slopes above the Dudh Kosi river; summer settlement with stone-built dwelling houses, potatoe fields and cultivated meadows situated on raised ground. Laperma, Solu-khumbu, Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/1023

Techniques: Agriculture. View of Mount Anadablam with flowering buckwheat growing on fields close to the village. Khumjung, Solu-khumbu, Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/1024

Abbot, monks and laity watching the Mani-rimdu dance-drama, a ceremony which is held annually in the courtyard of the buiddhist monastery; monk in ritual costume of Mi-tshe-ring, long-life man, enacts his role. Thami, Solu-khumbu, Sagarmatha. C. von F?rerPP MS 19/08/01/SHER/1025

Two women wearing woollen robes, cotton blouses, striped aprons and tibetanstyle boots. Khumjung, Solu-khumbu, Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/1026

Two women drinking from wooden bowls. Khumjung. Solu-khumbu. Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/1027

Man and woman in festive attire: man wears wollen robe, silk shirt, furlined embroidered felt hat and tibetanstyle boots; woman wears silk robe, blouse and striped apron and her ornaments include gold head-dress and necklaces of coral, turquoise and amberPP MS 19/08/01/SHER/1028

View, northwards, of Dudh Kosi valley. Below Gokyo, Solu-khumbu, Sagaramatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/1029

Buddhist (Ningmapa) monastery with temple and dwelling houses of monks. Tengboche, Solu-khumbu, Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/1030

Ritual Accessories. Group of monks in courtyard of Buddhist (Ningmapa) monastery; prayer flag stands in centre of courtyard. Tengboche, Solu-khumbu, Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/1031

Library of Buddhist (Ningmapa) monastery, with walls, ceiling and book-shelves decorated with gesso work; painted cloth scrolls (thankar) hang from ceiling. Tengboche, Solu-khumbu, Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/1032

Section of north wall of Buddhist (Ningmapa) monastery library: walls, ceiling and shelving decorated with gesso work; niches contain painted images of deceased abbots, the central figure being that of the founder of the monastery. Tengboche, Solu-khumbu,PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/1033

Wall painting of Guru Rimpoche in first floor assembly hall of Buddhist (Ningmapa) monastery. Tengboche, Solu-khumbu, Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/1034

Wall painting of the Buddhas of Meditation in first floor assembly hall of Buddhist (Ningmapa) monastery. Tengboche, Solu-khumbu, Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/1035

Village, Buddhist temple and dwelling house. Jungbesi, Solu-khumbu, Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/1036

Wall painting of Yul-'khor-bsrung, 'King of the East' (one of the four guardian kings), in the porch of the Buddhist (Ningmapa) monastery. Tengboche, Solu-khumbu, Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/1037

View of Buddhist (Ningmapa) monastery with temple and dwelling houses of monks; Mount Everest in background. Tengboche, Solu-khumbu, Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/1038

Buddhist monks wearning Tsogsho hats dance at the first-day ceremony of the mani-rimdu dance drama festival. Thami, Solu-khumbu, Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/1039

Retired Buddhist monastery official (loben) meditating in mountain her-mitage. Pangboche, Solu-khumbu, Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/1040

Artist displaying his painting on cloth of Guru Rimboche. Khumjung, Solu-khumbu, Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/1041

Sacrificial cakes (torma), decorated with coloured-butter flowers, as used for the rite of Dumje. Khumjung, Solu-khuumbu, Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/1042

Woman feeding salt to yak. Khumjung, Solu-khumbu, Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/1043

Bride seated between two grooms listens to marriage discourse at her polyandrous union. Namche Bazaar, Solu-khumbu, Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/1044

Yak grazing in reaped buckwheat fields near village. Khumjung, Solu-khumbu, Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/1045

Buddhist monks rehearsing a scene of the mani rimdu dance drama in the monastery courtyard. Thami, Solu-khumbu Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/1046

Villagers praying in Buddhist (Ningmapa) temple during rites of Ningne. Khumjung, Solu-khumbu Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/1047

Painted cloth scroll (thankar) depicting Guru Rimboche. Khumjung, Solu-khumbu Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/1048

Man wearing cotton shirt, woollen waistcoat and necklace of turquoise and coral beads. Lambagola, Khotang, Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/1049

Two men wearing woollen trousers and robe, Tibetan-style boots, and turquoise and coral necklaces. Lambagola, Khotang, Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/1050

Dwelling houses situated high above Arun valley. Above Lambagola, Khotang, Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/1051

Commemoration stones and prayer flags set up in courtyard of village temple. Malenchigaon (Yelmu), Palchoke, Bagmati.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/1052

Techniques: Animal Husbandry Sketch showing permanent and seasonal habitations of yak owners of Khumjung village. Solu-khumbu, Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/1053

Settlement and Dwellings: Rural. Sketch showing distribution of Sherpa population in Eastern Nepal. Bagmati, Janakpur, Sagarmatha, Kosi and Mechi Anchals.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/1054

Techniques: Animal Husbandry. Diagram showing number of yak-owners in village and size of family herds. Khumjung, Solu-khumbu, Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/1055

Social Organisation: Law and Administration. Diagram illustrating the distribution of client-households among patron-headmen (pembu). Khumbu, Solu-khumbu, Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/1056

Techniques: Animal Husbandry. Sketch illustrating itinerary of a selected yak herd' s annual migration. Khumjung, Solu-khumbu, Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/1057

Commemorative stone tablets engraved with Buddhist texts set up on stone seat in order to gain merit. Tengboche, Solu-khumbu, Sagarmatha.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/1065

Fashioned upright stones standing at entrance to Buddhist temple. Malenchigaon (Yelmu), Palchoke, Bagmati.PP MS 19/08/01/SHER/1081

Telugu CastesPP MS 19/08/01/TELU

ThakaliPP MS 19/08/01/THAK

TibetanPP MS 19/08/01/TIB

TodaPP MS 19/08/01/TODA

Wanchu NagaPP MS 19/08/01/WANA

WojariPP MS 19/08/01/WOJA

ZulungPP MS 19/08/01/ZULG

ArchitecturePP MS 19/08/02

Maps & DiagramsPP MS 19/08/03